Research

My research focuses on the application of artificial intelligence in emergency medicine — from building benchmarks for physician–AI teaming to evaluating ambient AI scribes and understanding patient perspectives on AI in healthcare.

Current Projects

Physician–AI Teaming (PACT Project)

Active

ARPA-H — $3.8M Grant

Building benchmarks for physician–AI teaming through the ARISE Network in Dr. Jonathan Chen's lab at Stanford. Architecting the first "flight simulator for medicine" — a rigorous physician–AI benchmark establishing defensible standards for how AI clinical products should be evaluated.

Ambient AI Scribe Evaluation

Active

Microsoft — $100K Grant

Studying the "Ambient AI Efficiency Paradox" in tools like Microsoft DAX: clinicians report large time savings and improved satisfaction, yet traditional productivity metrics fail to capture these gains. Argues that ROI frameworks systematically undercount clinical value by ignoring workforce sustainability and cognitive offload.

Patient Perspectives on AI in Healthcare

Active

Stanford – Health AI Index

Mixed-methods study with Dr. Natalie Pageler examining patient perspectives on AI in healthcare. Contributing findings to the Health AI Index, a national benchmarking initiative tracking AI adoption and public trust.

AI-Guided Discharge Instructions

Active

Stanford Resident Safety Council

Developing and evaluating AI-generated discharge instructions designed to improve clarity, completeness, and clinical value of patient education materials.

Publications

PhysicianBench: Evaluating LLM Agents in Real-World EHR Environments.

Liu R, Mohiuddin IQ, Schoeffler AJ, Renduchintala K, Nayak A, Vemu PL, Vedak SC, Black KC, Havlik JL, Ogunmola I, Ma SP, Dhatt R, Chen JH.

arXiv preprint · 2026

Can Ambient AI Handle Emergency Medicine?

Schoeffler A.

Emergency Medicine News · 2026

Implementation of a COVID-19 vaccine emergency department education program for underserved communities.

Schoeffler A, Bashian EJ, Callender N, Geyer ED, More A, Webb T, Butsch JL, Kman NE, Bischof JJ.

Cureus · 2022

Inclusion of older adults and reporting of consent processes in randomized controlled trials in the emergency department: A scoping review.

Southerland LT, Benson KK, Schoeffler AJ, Lashutka MA, Borson S, Bischof JJ.

JACEP Open · 2022

Utility of Emergency Department Chest Imaging in Patients with Cancer: A Descriptive Study.

Sylvester P, Schoeffler A, Bischof J.

Journal of Emergency Medicine · 2020

Selected Talks

2025

Vibe Coding for the Modern Clinician

Bay Area Medical Informatics Symposium (BAMIS)

Keynote to ~100 physicians on AI-assisted software development frameworks for clinicians.

2021

Implementation of a COVID-19 Vaccine ED Education Program

ACEP COVID-19 Specialty Research Forum

Oral presentation on vaccine education for underserved communities.

Research Interests

Physician–AI TeamingAmbient AI ScribesClinical InformaticsDigital HealthLarge Language ModelsEmergency Medicine OperationsClinical Decision SupportHealthcare Innovation